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The rivers pouring into the Black Sea are the Kızılırmak (1,355 km.), Sakarya (824 km.), Yeşilırmak, Çoruh, Bartın and Filyos. The Susurluk and Gönen
streams flow into the Marmara Sea; Bakırçay, Gediz, B. Menderes, K. Menderes and Meriç (the Maritsa) into the Aegean Sea; and Dalaman, Manavgat, Aksu, Göksu, Seyhan, Ceyhan and Asi into the Mediterranean.
The Euphrates, Tigris, Aras, Kura, Arpaçay and Çoruh Rivers are the streams which originate in Turkey and flow into other countries before they reach the seas. The Euphrates runs in Turkey for 1,263 kilometers and the Tigris for 523 kilometers. These two rivers have a longer course outside of Turkey and they flow into the Persian Gulf.
There are a large number of natural and artificial lakes with varying sizes in Turkey. Approximately 11% of its area consists of lakes and swamps. The majority of the lakes are concentrated in the Marmara, Central Anatolia, Eastern Anatolia, and Mediterranean
regions. The biggest natural lake is Lake Van in Eastern Anatolia with a 3,713 km² surface area and 451 meters depth. The Erçek, Çıldır and Hazar lakes are also in Eastern Anatolia, the richest region in terms of lakes. The major lakes in the “Lakes District” in the western Taurus zone are the Beyşehir and Eğirdir lakes and the brackish water Acıgöl and Burdur lakes. Around the Marmara Sea are the Sapanca, İznik, Ulubat, Manyas, Terkos, Küçükçekmece and Büyükçekmece
lakes. The lakes in Central Anatolia are rather shallow and very salty. Among these the Tuz (Salt) Lake is the second biggest lake in the country with an area of 1,500 km² and the Akşehir and Eber lakes are also in this region.
 Climate. In Turkey, located in the temperate climatic zone, it is possible to enjoy the four seasons and different climates simultaneously. People can both swim in the sea and see the snowy mountains at the same time.
Turkey is also affected by the Mediterranean climate characterized by hot and arid summers. However, thanks to its location among the Eastern Mediterranean basin and its elevated landmass, it varies from the dry subtropical areas with much more abundant precipitation.
Significant climatic differences are observed among the regions depending on
various factors such as the distance to
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| the seas, altitude and the existence of mountain ranges. In the Mediterranean, Aegean and Southern Marmara
regions, the Mediterranean climate is sensible with its hot and dry |
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